Nationality of Eswatini: all obtaining pathways
Eswatini requires ten years of residence for ordinary naturalization, with a reduced five-year period of marriage accompanied by residence for those married to Eswatini citizens. Nationality is transmitted by birth in accordance with the ius sanguinis of the kingdom's legislation.
1Nationality by birth (ius sanguinis)
Nationality by birth (ius sanguinis)
Requirements
- At least one parent must be a national of Eswatini
- Nationality is transmitted by descent
- Abandoned children found in Eswatini are presumed nationals
Documentation
- Birth certificate
- Eswatini identity document of the father or mother
- Proof of Eswatini nationality
2Naturalization by residence
Naturalization by residence
Requirements
- Legal and continuous residence of 10 years in Eswatini
- Minimum age of 21
- Good character and conduct
- Knowledge of English or siSwati
- Intention to continue residing in Eswatini
- Dual nationality is not permitted (must renounce another nationality)
Documentation
- Formal application
- Birth certificate
- Valid passport
- Residence permits proving 10 years of residence
- Criminal record certificate
- Medical certificate
- Proof of knowledge of the language
- 3 recent photographs
3Naturalization by marriage
Naturalization by marriage
Requirements
- Marriage to an Eswatini national
- Residence in Eswatini for at least 5 years of marriage
- Good character and conduct
- Renounce any other nationality
Documentation
- Marriage certificate
- Eswatini identity document of the spouse
- Applicant's birth certificate
- Certificate of residence of 5 years
- Criminal record certificate
Frequently asked questions about the nationality of Eswatini
How many years of residence does Eswatini require to naturalize?
According to the main pathway of Eswatini (Naturalization by residence), the term is 12 continuous months immediately prior + 5 aggregate years within the previous 7 years (s. 45(2)) or 10 years ordinary residence with support of a Chief or 3 reputable citizens (s. 45(3), 2005 Constitution). The complete details of requirements and exceptions appear in the fact sheet.
Does Eswatini allow dual nationality?
Dual nationality is not permitted (must renounce another nationality)
Can the nationality of Eswatini be obtained by marriage?
Yes, through the Naturalization by marriage pathway (5 years of marriage and residence). The complete requirements appear in the fact sheet of that pathway.
What documentation does naturalization in Eswatini require?
The Naturalization by residence pathway requires: Formal application; Birth certificate; Valid passport; Residence permits proving 10 years of residence; Criminal record certificate; among 3 more documents.
What pathways exist to obtain the nationality of Eswatini?
Eswatini provides 3 pathways: Nationality by birth, Naturalization by residence, Naturalization by marriage.
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